FAQ for principal, central decision-making bodies

The mission of the University of Cambridge is to contribute to society through the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.  Accordingly, many staff of the University are actively engaged in external activities, both within the UK and overseas.  These activities may for example include: providing expert advice and media commentary; serving on the boards of public and private sector organisations; partnerships with business, charitable foundations, and healthcare; collaborative research and development; consultancy work; spin-out companies; and outreach work.  Alternatively, someone with a close personal connection to a member of staff may have such associations. In addition, many staff - or those with a close personal connection to them - will also be affiliated to, and owe duties to, one or more of the Colleges within the collegiate University.

Because of these activities, most staff will almost certainly encounter situations during their careers when personal interests could reasonably be perceived as affecting, or having the potential to affect, their ability to make impartial decisions on the University’s behalf. This does not imply improper conduct or lack of integrity.  What is important is that all such conflicts are disclosed, reviewed and (if necessary) managed in order to avoid the risk of decisions being, or appearing to be, improperly influenced and to prevent damage to the reputation of the individual or the University.

The aims of the University’s Conflict of Interest Policy are to:

1. enable staff, plus student and external committee members, to recognise where their personal interests conflict with, or may reasonably be perceived to conflict with, their University duties (see Section C);
2. communicate the expectations for declaring and recording such conflicts (see Section D); and
3. set out the processes for managing conflicts of interest in order to ensure that business decisions are made objectively and in the best interests of the University (see Section E). 

Most organisations have policies on disclosing and managing conflicts of interest: this Policy is consistent with those of other UK universities.  It does not differentiate between conflicts that arise from domestic or oversees interests.

The Policy distinguishes between two types of disclosures, which are recorded in two different types of register:

• Heads of Institutions, plus members and regular attendees of the University’s principal, central, decision-making bodies, are required to declare any interests which constitute existing or potential conflicts with their University duties annually via an online declaration of interests form,  The form is administered by the Governance and Compliance Division and the declarations are recorded in Committee or School-based registers of interests;
• all other members of staff only need to disclose conflicts of interest with their University duties when they first arise or become known, including when it is recognised that a conflict might reasonably be perceived. These conflicts are recorded in the institution's register of conflicts of interests.

‘Declarations of interest’ are a standing item at the beginning of every committee meeting, so that members can declare any conflicts of interest in relation to that specific agenda. Both the declarations and any mitigating actions should be minuted.

This approach recognises that for the large majority of members of staff at the University it is sufficient to declare conflicts of interests with their University duties when they arise. The approach also reduces the administrative burden on institutions.

The above list does not cover every central University-level body. For some bodies (for example, appointment committees where the membership is extremely variable) it will be more efficient to simply record declarations of interest in the minutes at the start of each meeting and to agree any actions to manage these declarations then. 

Members of local committees (e.g. Councils of the Schools, Faculty Boards and/or Degree Committees) should declare any standing conflicts of interests to the Head of Institution.

Generally Chairs are the most appropriate people to determine the conflicts in the context of their body’s remit.  On occasion, the Chair may delegate this responsibility to a suitably qualified named individual (e.g. the Deputy Chair or Secretary).

If the Chair has an interest in a declaration they should contact CoI@admin.cam.ac.uk for advice on how to proceed.

In accordance with Section E of the Policy the Chair (or nominated delegate) should decide on the course of action for each declared interest and ensure that it is recorded in the committee’s register of interests.  At the end of the annual update process the declarer will be able to login to the system to see a record of the mitigating actions that have been agreed for each of their declared interests.

Process and guidance for reviewers [these notes will be updated in October 2023 to reflect changes to the reviewer app]

The reviewer system is implemented within Microsoft Teams. This has two key parts:

1. the approvals app, where all the interests are listed for review and into which you can add the appropriate mitigating actions.
2. a MS Team that contains your register(s) and UIS’s guidance on using the system. NB. you will receive a notification that UIS have added you to this team (UoC_Declarations of Interests Reviewers)

This system is intended to be more secure and auditable. After the initial set-up it should also be easier to maintain as you’ll be notified of any updates outside the normal cycle, all the information will be stored centrally and you won’t need to transfer actions from one version of the spreadsheet to another.

We have added Chairs and Secretaries as reviewers to the system and recommend that the Secretaries should generally be responsible for adding the agreed mitigating actions to the system. This will be a two stage process:

1. checking that the mitigating actions for interests that were declared last year remain appropriate (and – as a one-off action - transferring them from last year’s spreadsheet to the new system); and
2. agreeing and entering any mitigating actions for newly declared interests – these are flagged in the system for convenience.

Last year we know that many Secretaries went through the declarations on a call with their Chair. We suggest that this might be a straightforward way to agree the mitigating actions for the Secretaries to input into the new system. At the end of the process UIS will send declarers a copy of the mitigating actions for their declared interests.

As the teams plug-in is a new way of working, UIS have drafted full guidance on how to use the system. This includes:

• How to install the approvals app (many Secretaries installed the app at the recent training session)
• How to record mitigations for interests declared by your committee members/attendees
• How to view the register of interests for your committee

Tips for using the system

1. Filter the list of interests in the approvals app to look at each individual’s interests in turn (this is point 3 in the guidance on recording DoI mitigations). We found this much quicker than looking at the full list in the app, which has a tendency to jump around when you scroll through the list.
2. View the register in a separate tab to the approvals app when you are reviewing the interests. You can then ‘drill down’ in the register to see further information about a particular interest which can provide useful context (this is point 3 in the guidance on viewing your register). The register is a live doc, so you will see the mitigating actions appear in the register after you’ve entered them in the app.
3. It is possible to export the register (again UIS have provided guidance on how to do this). While we are trying to move away from emailing spreadsheets containing sensitive personal data we recognise that some Chairs may find it more convenient to review the interests and check that last year’s mitigating actions remain appropriate offline, rather than on a call, so sending them an export of the register may be helpful.

Once you have entered a mitigating action it is not currently possible for you as reviewers to edit that action (e.g. to correct a typo or if you wish to amend the action). We realise that this is frustrating and have flagged it to UIS as our priority for the next iteration of the system. The workaround this year is that we can amend the mitigating action on your behalf if you send the amended text and mitigation reference to CoI@admin.cam.ac.uk.